Sjogren syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which the glands that produce tears and saliva are destroyed. This leads to dry mouth, decreased tearing, and other dry mucous membranes. The condition may affect many different parts of the body, including the kidneys and lungs.

The cause of Sjogren syndrome is unknown. The syndrome occurs most often in women age 40 - 50. It is rare in children. Young patients usually have signs of another autoimmune disorder first.

The syndrome may be associated with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, polymyositis, and other diseases.

Sjogren syndrome affects about 1 - 4 million people in the United States.

Dryness of the mouth and eyes are the most common symptoms of this syndrome.

Other symptoms may include:

• Itching eyes
• Difficulty swallowing
• Loss of sense of taste
• Severe dental cavities
• Hoarseness
• Fatigue
• Joint pain or joint swelling
• Swollen glands
• Cloudy cornea

A physical examination reveals dry eyes and mouth. Mouth sores may be present because of the mouth dryness.

Tests:

• Positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) test
• Positive salivary gland biopsy
• Positive rheumatoid factor (possible)
• Tear test
• Slit lamp examination with rose bengal dye