Muscle cramps are involuntary and often painful contractions (movements) of the muscles.

Muscle cramps are common and may be stopped by stretching the muscle. The cramping muscle may feel hard or bulging.

Muscle spasms are different than muscle twitches, which are covered in a separate article.

Muscle spasms can cause cramps and are usually brought on by the following:

• Muscle fatigue
• Heavy exercise
• Dehydration
• Pregnancy
• Hypothyroidism
• Reduced levels of magnesium or calcium in the body
• Other metabolic problems
• Alcoholism
• Kidney failure
• Medications

Slow stretching often brings relief. If muscle cramps continue, see your doctor.